Referans d\u0131\u015f\u0131 ne demek sorusunun k\u0131sa yan\u0131t\u0131: sonucun, laboratuvar\u0131n o test i\u00e7in belirledi\u011fi referans aral\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n alt veya \u00fcst s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalmas\u0131 demektir. Bu durum tek ba\u015f\u0131na hastal\u0131k anlam\u0131na gelmez; sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 ki\u015filerde de zaman zaman aral\u0131k d\u0131\u015f\u0131 sonu\u00e7 g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr ve sonucun anlam\u0131n\u0131 hekim de\u011ferlendirir.<\/p>\n
Bu sayfada referans aral\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n nas\u0131l belirlendi\u011fi, raporda y\u00fcksek ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck i\u015faretinin nas\u0131l g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, referans d\u0131\u015f\u0131 sonucun neden \u00e7\u0131kabilece\u011fi, laboratuvarlar aras\u0131ndaki fark ve sonu\u00e7 aral\u0131k d\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131nda genel olarak neler yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 anlat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bilgiler genel bilgilendirme ama\u00e7l\u0131d\u0131r; ki\u015fisel de\u011ferlendirme i\u00e7in hekime ba\u015fvurulmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\n\u00d6zet<\/strong>
\n– Referans d\u0131\u015f\u0131, sonucun raporda yazan referans aral\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalmas\u0131 demektir; “hastal\u0131k var” demek de\u011fildir.
\n– Referans aral\u0131\u011f\u0131 genellikle g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015fte sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 ki\u015filerin sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n ortadaki %95’ini kapsar; bir test i\u00e7in sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 ki\u015filerin yakla\u015f\u0131k %5’i aral\u0131\u011f\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131na d\u00fc\u015fer.
\n– Aral\u0131k laboratuvar\u0131n y\u00f6ntemine ve referans grubuna g\u00f6re farkl\u0131 olabilir; sonu\u00e7 raporda yazan aral\u0131kla okunur.
\n– Tek bir \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm sonucu kesinle\u015ftirmez; tekrar \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm ve ek test karar\u0131n\u0131 hekim verir.
\n– Aral\u0131k i\u00e7indeki sonu\u00e7 da sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n garantisi de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\nReferans D\u0131\u015f\u0131 Ne Demek?<\/h2>\n
Bir kan veya idrar testinin sonucu, raporda yan\u0131nda yazan referans aral\u0131\u011f\u0131yla birlikte okunur. Sonu\u00e7 bu aral\u0131\u011f\u0131n alt s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131ndan d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckse “d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck”, \u00fcst s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131ndan y\u00fcksekse “y\u00fcksek” olarak i\u015faretlenir. \u0130kisi birlikte “referans d\u0131\u015f\u0131” olarak adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Referans d\u0131\u015f\u0131 ifadesi bir tan\u0131 de\u011fil, bir \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131d\u0131r: de\u011ferin, k\u0131yaslama i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan gruba g\u00f6re al\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yler. Bu s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalman\u0131n nedeni her zaman bir sa\u011fl\u0131k sorunu olmayabilir. MedlinePlus, sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 insanlar\u0131n da zaman zaman referans aral\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda sonu\u00e7 almas\u0131n\u0131n yayg\u0131n oldu\u011funu belirtir; bu durumda hekim sonucu ki\u015finin sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla ilgili di\u011fer bilgilerle birlikte yorumlar.<\/p>\n
Referans Aral\u0131\u011f\u0131 Nas\u0131l Belirlenir?<\/h2>\n
Referans aral\u0131\u011f\u0131 ne demek ve nas\u0131l olu\u015fturulur? Referans aral\u0131\u011f\u0131, g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015fte sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 bir grup ki\u015fide o testin \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclmesiyle belirlenir. Ozarda’n\u0131n derlemesine g\u00f6re referans aral\u0131klar\u0131 genellikle bu referans da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n ortadaki %95’ini kapsar; alt s\u0131n\u0131r 2,5. y\u00fczdelik, \u00fcst s\u0131n\u0131r 97,5. y\u00fczdeliktir. Bunun do\u011fal sonucu olarak bir test i\u00e7in sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 ki\u015filerin yakla\u015f\u0131k %5’inin sonucu aral\u0131\u011f\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131na d\u00fc\u015fer (Ozarda 2016).<\/p>\n
Referans aral\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n nas\u0131l kurulaca\u011f\u0131 ve laboratuvarda nas\u0131l do\u011frulanaca\u011f\u0131 CLSI EP28-A3c k\u0131lavuzunda tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bir laboratuvar ba\u015fka bir kaynaktan ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 aral\u0131\u011f\u0131 kullanacaksa, y\u00f6ntem ve pop\u00fclasyon farklar\u0131n\u0131 dikkate alarak do\u011frulamas\u0131 beklenir; do\u011frulamada k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir referans grubu (\u00f6rne\u011fin 20 ki\u015fi) kullan\u0131labilir (Ozarda 2016). Aral\u0131klar ayr\u0131ca ya\u015f, cinsiyet ve gebelik gibi gruplara g\u00f6re ayr\u0131 belirlenebilir (Ozarda 2016); MedlinePlus de aral\u0131klar\u0131n \u00e7ocuk ve yeti\u015fkin gibi gruplara g\u00f6re farkl\u0131 olabilece\u011fini belirtir.<\/p>\n
Aral\u0131\u011f\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 bir “hastal\u0131k e\u015fi\u011fi” de\u011fildir. Aral\u0131\u011f\u0131n bir taraf\u0131nda kalan sonu\u00e7 “sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131”, di\u011fer taraf\u0131nda kalan “hasta” anlam\u0131na gelmez; aral\u0131k, o testin sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 grupta nas\u0131l da\u011f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steren istatistiksel bir \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
Sonu\u00e7 Raporunda Y\u00fcksek ve D\u00fc\u015f\u00fck \u0130\u015fareti Nas\u0131l G\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr?<\/h2>\n
Raporlar laboratuvara g\u00f6re farkl\u0131 d\u00fczenlenir. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki i\u015faretler genel \u00f6rneklerdir; kendi raporunuzdaki anlam, raporun a\u00e7\u0131klama b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde yazand\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n